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The North African Foreign Fighter Returnees After the Fall of al-Assad’s Regime: Risks, Challenges and Scenarios

Introduction:   On December 10,  2024, and following a lightening offensive spearheaded by Harakat Tahrir Al Sham (HTS), the most powerful Syrian armed rebel group adhering to Salafi ideology , the Bashar al-Assad regime collapsed. A few days later, a..

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China’s Discreet Game in North Africa – Private Military Companies

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Wagner in Libya – combat and influence

The private military company Wagner Group is the most decisive player in the military strategy of the Libyan national army, headed by Marshal Khalifa Haftar