Introduction Modern states may be divided into two categories: emigration states (countries of departure) and immigration states (host countries or countries of destination). This is particularly evident in the Mediterranean region, where long-standing colonial relations have transformed into tangible borders..

In recent years, six conflict-affected countries — Yemen, Syria, Sudan, South Sudan, Iraq, and Palestine — have been among those accounting for the highest number of food-insecure populations in the world.1[1] But while war remains the main trigger for complex..

About ten years ago, Sudanese Defense Minister Abdel Rahim Mohammed Hussein presented the Sudanese parliament with his ministry’s payroll report. However, his presentation was more than a ministerial performance statement; it reflected the performance of the state. He openly expressed..

Part 2: What Lessons for the Economic Sovereignty of Africa and Tunisia ? Abstract: In the first part of this article, we analyzed the monetary tool that is BCS currency swap agreements and attempted to critically assess their potential for..

Part 1 : Lessons for Better African Financial Diversification Economic research paper series, November 2025 Abstract This article analyzes the monetary instrument of bilateral currency swap agreements (BCS) and evaluates their potential for financial diversification. We examine the mechanisms of..

How Climate Summits Are Emptied of Their Substance: A Reading of Capital Domination and Conflicting Interests On the remote island of Tuvalu in the South Pacific, a man stands on a shoreline that erodes with each passing day, watching as..

Introduction At the heart of food sovereignty debate, no issue captures the challenge more vividly than that of seeds. This is far from a mere technical detail or basic production input—it lies at the core of a deeper conflict between..

As the global economic system undergoes accelerated and tumultuous changes in 2025,the US administration’s imposition of draconian tariffs on Chinese imports during Donald Trump’s second term in office is a stark expression of the strong-arm tactics driving US trade policy..

In the early weeks of the war that erupted in Khartoum on April 15, controversy has raged over the causes of this devastating conflict between the army and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). While a large segment of the “December..

This contribution explores how farmers and activists in Iraq and Syria have responded to the collapse of formal seed institutions. In this context, seeds emerge as infrastructures of survival, resistance, and alternative political imaginaries. The Political Nature of Seed Systems..

Morocco’s “GenZ212” Struggles: Fighting for Development and Against the Legacy of Neoliberal Policies Since September 27, 2025, Morocco has been witnessing large-scale, ongoing youth protests under the banner “GenZ212.” The movement calls for better social policies, particularly in healthcare and..

On September 27, 2025, protests erupted across Morocco after reports emerged that eight women had died in childbirth at Agadir’s Hassan II hospital. What began as outrage over a public health scandal quickly crystallized broader anger about failing social services,..